Ives, Bernstein, and Adorno on the Crisis/Crises of the 20th Century, parts I, II, and III.
This recording was prepared for the course SS.235,
Sociology of Music/Sound/Noise, Department of Social Science &
Culture Studies, Pratt Institute. Spring 2020. Additional materials
are available on the course LMS site.
We
are going to take a piece of music (Charles Ives’ The Unanswered
Question) and look at how Bernstein and Adorno used it as a means to
delve deeply into these questions regarding the meaning of crisis and
the expression of social transformation. As a preliminary to that
discussion, in part one we are going to review a few examples of the
varieties of expression and experiences of Bernstein's "crisis of
ambiguity". Can music be expressive of a time and place, and if so,
what is the meaning of these expressions? Is Pierre Boulez correct when
he says that: “An idea does not exist until we realize how it may be
used. In musical terms, there is no such thing as an idea in itself, it
is a reaction to our whole cultural environment." – Pierre Boulez.
“Idea, Realization, Craft.” Music Lessons: Lectures at the College de
France.
*************************************************
Cumulative Bibliography of Parts One, Two, and Three of the Lecture-cast.
An * marks those suggested by my critic in Part Three.
Adorno, Theodor. 1973. Philosophy of Modern Music. New York, Seabury Press.
https://login.ezproxy.pratt.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat...
Adorno, Theodor. “The Problem of a New Type of Human Being” from The Current of Music.
Adorno, Theodor and Hans Eisler. 1947. Composing for the Films.
Adorno on Music and Popular Protest: https://archive.org/details/RicBrownTheordorAdornoonPopularMusicandProtest
Adorno, Theodor. 1972. “Kultur und Verwaltung” in: Collected Writings Vol. 8, Sociological Writings I, Frankfurt am Main. Broadcast: 26.07.1959, SWF location: Baden-Baden, Kunsthalle location manager: Biallowancz.
Adorno, Theodor. 1936. “On Jazz” from Essays on Music. University of California Press.
Adorno, Theodor. 1998. Stravinsky: A Dialectical Portrait. Verso.
Adorno, Theodor. 1956/1969. Aesthetic Theory. University of Minnesota Press.
Adorno, Theodor. Three Short Piano Pieces (1934/1945).
Adorno, Theodor. Three Poems by Theodor Däubler for a Four-Woman a capella Choir. Number 3.
Adorno, Theodor. Two Orchestral Songs from the Unfinished ‘The Treasure of Indian Joe’.
*Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford: Standford University Press.
*Apollinaire, Guillaume. 1965. Alcools. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Benjamin, Walter. 2001. Correspondence of Walter Benjamin. Harvard University Press.
Benjamin, Walter. 1929- 1932. Aufklärung für Kinder. http://www.ubu.com/sound/benjamin.html
*Benjamin, Walter. 1968. "Some Motifs in Baudelaire" in Illuminations: Essays and Reflections. New York: Schocken Books.
Bernstein, Leonard. 1958-1972. Young People's Concerts.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_People%27s_Concerts
Bernstein, Leonard. 1973. The Unanswered Question, part 5: The XXth Century Crisis.
https://youtu.be/kPGstQUbpHQ?t=7m42s
Bernstein, Leonard. 1973. The Unanswered Question, part 6: The Poetry of the Earth.
https://youtu.be/OWeQXTnv_xU?t=1s
Bernstein, Leonard. 1981. The Unanswered Question. Harvard University Press; Revised edition
Boulez, Pierre. 2006. Pierre Boulez conducts Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du Printemps). Orchestra Filarmonica della Scala. Milan.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewyqXI21vp0
Boulez, Pierre. 2019. “Idea, Realization, Craft.” Music Lessons: Lectures at the College de France. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
https://www.powells.com/book/-9780226672595
Burroughs, William S. (with Phil Proctor). “The Control Machine” from Nova Express:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlTXyV6S5YM
Burroughs, William S. The Limits of Control [Sections VI, VII, VIII, X]
http://eng7007.pbworks.com/w/page/18931079/BurroughsControl
Cage, John. 4’ 33” A performance by William Marx.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTEFKFiXSx4
Chomsky, Noam. 1957. Syntactic Structures. Boston: Mouton & Co.
Chomsky, Noam. 1975. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Achbar, Mark and Peter Wintonick. 1992. Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media. Zeitgeist Video.
Clay, Zanna. 2020. Video of wild bonobos engaging in vocal coordination.
https://twitter.com/zannaclay
Clifton Crais & Pamela Scully. 2009. Sara Baartman and the Hottentot Venus: A Ghost Story and a Biography. Princeton University Press.
Cornell Ornathology Lab. 2020. Hooded Oriole.
https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Hooded_Oriole/
Crockford C, Gruber T, Zuberbühler K. 2018. Chimpanzee quiet hoo variants differ according to context. Royal Society Opensci. 5: 172066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172066
Cuvier, Georges, and Alex. Brongniart. 1822. Description Geologique des Environs de Paris. Paris: Defour et D'Ocagne.
Curvier, Georges. 1825. Recherches
sur les Ossemens Fossiles, ou l’on retablit le caracteres de Plussiers
Animaux dont les Revolutions du Globe ont detruit le epeces. Paris: Defour et D'Ocagne.https://archive.org/details/recherchessurles01cuviuoft/page/n8/mode/2up
Curvier, Georges. 1826. Discours sur les Revolutions de la Surface du Globe et sur les changemens qu’elles ont produits dans le Regne Animal. Paris: Defour et D'Ocagne.
Darwin, Charles Robert. 1859. On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the
Struggle for Life. London: Murray.
http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=image&pageseq=1Darwin, Charles R. 1871. Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex. London: John Murray. Volume 2. 1st edition.
http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F937.2&viewtype=image&pageseq=1
“Caricature group portrait of Charles Darwin and the Crew of the HMS Beagle”. Watercolor by Augustus Earle of “Quarter Deck of a Man of War on Diskivery [sic] of interesting Scenes on an Interesting Voyage”. Earle was the first official shipboard artist on the HMS Beagle, tasked with recording the botany, fossils and other specimens en route.
http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/english-literature-history-childrens-books-illus...
Eldredge, Niles and S. J. Gould (1972). “Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism” in T.J.M. Schopf, ed., Models in Paleobiology. San Francisco: Freeman Cooper. pp. 82-115. Reprinted in N. Eldredge. Time Frames. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1985, pp. 193-223.
Ellison, Ralph. 2002. “A Snow of Blizzard Proportions” from Flying Home and Other Stories. New York: Modern Library.
Ellison, Ralph. 2013. Living with Music: The Jazz Writings of Ralph Ellison. New York; Modern Library.
Eno, Brian. 1975. Variation I on Canon in D Major (1975) from Discreet Music.
Fausto-Sterling,
Anne (1995). “Gender, Race, and Nation: The Comparative Anatomy of
‛Hottentot’ Women in Europe, 1815–1817” in Terry, Jennifer and
Jacqueline Urla (Ed.) Deviant Bodies: Critical Perspectives on Difference in Science and Popular Culture, 19–48. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.
Filippi, P. et al. : “Humans recognize emotional arousal in vocalizations across all classes of terrestrial vertebrates: evidence for acoustic universals.” Proceedings of the Royal Society. B284: 20170990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0990
*Flaubert, Gustave. 1992. Madame Bovary. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://archive.org/details/gustaveflaubertm00heat
Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. New York: Pantheon Books.
Foucault, Michel. 1984. “On the Ways of Writing History” in Power, edited by James D. Faubion. New York: New Press.
Frazer, James. 1922. “King of the Wood” in The Golden Bough. https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.6095/page/n19
Gould,
Stephen Jay, & Eldredge, Niles. 1977. “Punctuated equilibria: the
tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered.” Paleobiology 3 (2): 115-151.
Gould, Stephen Jay. 1982. “Punctuated Equilibrium—A Different Way of Seeing.” New Scientist 94 (Apr. 15): 137-139.Gould, Stephen Jay. 2002. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
*Heidegger, Martin (referred to in part III as “a certain Fascist philosopher of the 20th century”). 1930s’/revised 1950s/1971. ‘The Thing’ in Poetry, Language, Thought. New York: Harper Collins.
Horkheimer, Max. 1947. “The Revolt of Nature” from The Eclipse Of Reason. New York: Continuum.
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.59625/page/n7
Huber, M. P. 1820. The Natural History of Ants. London: Longman, Hurst.
Ives, Charles E. “On the Antipodes” from Songs.
Joyce, James. 1946. “The Dead” from Dubliners.
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183214/page/n169
*Joyce, James. Ulysses. New York: Random House.
https://archive.org/details/ulyssesjoyc00joyc
Krause, Bernie. 2015. Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes. Yale University Press
Lang, Fritz. 1927. Metropolis.
Leopold, Aldo. 2013. “Unpublished manuscript, c. 1935” in A Sand County Almanac and other Writings on Ecology and Conservation. New York: Modern Library.
*Lukacs, Georg. 1968. History and Class Consciousness. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Luxemburg, Rosa. 1974. “Social Reform or Revolution?” in Selected Political Writings. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Marquis de Sade. 1791/1965. The Complete Justine, Philosophy in the Bedroom, and Other Writings.
https://archive.org/details/marquisdesadecom00saderich
Marx, Karl and Fredreich Engels. 1846. The German Ideology. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
Marx. 1867/1990. Capital: The Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1. Translated by Ben Fowkes. New York: Penguin Classics.
Mazzini, Francesco, Simon W. Townsend, Zsófia Virányi, Friederike Range. 2013. “Wolf Howling Is Mediated by Relationship Quality Rather Than Underlying Emotional Stress”. Current Biology. Volume 23, Issue 17, P1677-1680, September 09.
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822%2813%2900823-3
Gregor Mendel. 1866/1901. "Experiments in plant hybridization" trans. by C. T. Druery, and William Bateson. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. 26: 1–32.
Messiaen, Olivier. Catalogue d’oiseaux.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6Izpdkjrhk
Messiaen, Olivier. “Les orioles” from Des canyons aux étoiles.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grJCyW6KZ2A
Messiaen, Olivier. Reveil des oiseaux.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgNeH9_8l0w
Monty Python. 1975. King Arthur and the Holy Grail.
Norris, Frank. 1901. The Octopus: A Story of California.
https://archive.org/details/octopus00norr/page/n6
And for fun, as one in the original graphic novel series:
https://archive.org/details/ClassicsIllustrated159TheOctopus
Pachelbel. Canon and Gigue in D major. Christopher Hogwood. The Academy of Ancient Music.
*Proust, Marcel. 1992. In Search of Lost Time. Volume I: Swann’s Way. New York: Modern Library.
https://archive.org/details/MarcelProustSwannsWay/page/n3/mode/2up
Qureshi, Sadiah (2004). “Displaying Sara Baartman, the ‘Hottentot Venus’”. History of Science 42:233–257. http://www.negri-froci-giudei.com/public/pdfs/qureshi-baartman.pdf
Rossellini, Roberto. 1952. Europa 51.
Satie, Erik. Douze Petits Chorals (1906-1908) - XII. Choral No 12. 12 Petits chorales: No. 12, Grave. Christiane Oelze, soprano -- Eric Schneider, piano.
Schaffer, John. New Sounds: Hand-picked music, genre free. 24/7 radio from New York City. https://www.newsounds.org/
Suraci, Justin P., Michael Clinchy, Liana Y. Zanette, and Christopher C. Wilmers. 2019. “Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape-scale impacts from mountain lions to mice”. Ecology Letters. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13344
Thompson, E. P. 1964. Making of the English Working Class. New York : Pantheon Books.
https://archive.org/details/makingofenglishw0000thom_p8d1
Ward, Lester F. 1889. The Geographical Distribution of Fossil Plants. Washington: Goverment Printing Office.
Ward, Lester F. 1906. Applied Sociology: A Treatise on the Conscious Improvement of Society by Society. Boston: Gin & Company.
Webern, Anton. 4 Lieder nach Gedichten von S. George (1908-9). Christiane Oelze and Eric Schneider. Pierre Boulez conducts. 1. “Erwachen aus dem tiefsten traumes-schooße”; 2. Kunfttag I; 3. Trauer I; 4. Das lockere saatgefilde lechzet krank.
Webern, Anton. 1927-28. Symphony Op. 21. Berliner Philharmoniker with Pierre Boulez, conducting.
Williams, Raymond. 1961. The Long Revolution. Broadview Press.
Wolf Conservation Center.
https://twitter.com/nywolforg/status/1255458054952214528
See also:
Andreyev, Samuel. The Unanswered Question: Analysis.
https://youtu.be/IEAa_MH0iCw?t=1
Andreyev, Samuel. Anton von Webern, explained in 10 minutes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zt2SJrcIJh4
Andreyev, Samuel. Anton von Webern's Drei Lieder, Op. 18: Analysis.
https://youtu.be/IEAa_MH0iCw?t=1
Anton Webern's Zwei Lieder, Op. 19: Analysis.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK1iqTTrphM
Huber, M. P. 1820. The Natural History of Ants. London: Longman, Hurst.
Charles
Ives. 1933-1942. Study no. 20 (partial); They are There! (first
take); Four Transcriptions from “Emerson” No. 3 ]. Ives Plays Ives The Complete Recordings of Charles Ives at the Piano, 1933–1943. New World Records.
Ives, Charles. 1908. The Unanswered Question: For Chamber Orchestra (performable also as Chamber Music). New York: Southern Music Publishing.
https://imslp.org/wiki/The_Unanswered_Question_(Ives%2C_Charles)Ives, Charles E. “On the Antipodes” from Songs.
Joyce, James. 1946. “The Dead” from Dubliners.
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.183214/page/n169
*Joyce, James. Ulysses. New York: Random House.
https://archive.org/details/ulyssesjoyc00joyc
Krause, Bernie. 2015. Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes. Yale University Press
Lang, Fritz. 1927. Metropolis.
Leopold, Aldo. 2013. “Unpublished manuscript, c. 1935” in A Sand County Almanac and other Writings on Ecology and Conservation. New York: Modern Library.
*Lukacs, Georg. 1968. History and Class Consciousness. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Luxemburg, Rosa. 1913. The Accumulation of Capital. New York, Monthly Review Press.
https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1913/accumulation-capital/index.htmLuxemburg, Rosa. 1915. The Anti-Critique. New York; Monthly Review Press.
https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1915/anti-critique/index.htmLuxemburg, Rosa. 1974. “Social Reform or Revolution?” in Selected Political Writings. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Marquis de Sade. 1791/1965. The Complete Justine, Philosophy in the Bedroom, and Other Writings.
https://archive.org/details/marquisdesadecom00saderich
Marx, Karl and Fredreich Engels. 1846. The German Ideology. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
Marx. 1867/1990. Capital: The Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1. Translated by Ben Fowkes. New York: Penguin Classics.
Mazzini, Francesco, Simon W. Townsend, Zsófia Virányi, Friederike Range. 2013. “Wolf Howling Is Mediated by Relationship Quality Rather Than Underlying Emotional Stress”. Current Biology. Volume 23, Issue 17, P1677-1680, September 09.
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822%2813%2900823-3
Gregor Mendel. 1866/1901. "Experiments in plant hybridization" trans. by C. T. Druery, and William Bateson. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. 26: 1–32.
Messiaen, Olivier. Catalogue d’oiseaux.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6Izpdkjrhk
Messiaen, Olivier. “Les orioles” from Des canyons aux étoiles.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grJCyW6KZ2A
Messiaen, Olivier. Reveil des oiseaux.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgNeH9_8l0w
Monty Python. 1975. King Arthur and the Holy Grail.
Norris, Frank. 1901. The Octopus: A Story of California.
https://archive.org/details/octopus00norr/page/n6
And for fun, as one in the original graphic novel series:
https://archive.org/details/ClassicsIllustrated159TheOctopus
Pachelbel. Canon and Gigue in D major. Christopher Hogwood. The Academy of Ancient Music.
*Proust, Marcel. 1992. In Search of Lost Time. Volume I: Swann’s Way. New York: Modern Library.
https://archive.org/details/MarcelProustSwannsWay/page/n3/mode/2up
Qureshi, Sadiah (2004). “Displaying Sara Baartman, the ‘Hottentot Venus’”. History of Science 42:233–257. http://www.negri-froci-giudei.com/public/pdfs/qureshi-baartman.pdf
Rossellini, Roberto. 1952. Europa 51.
Satie, Erik. Douze Petits Chorals (1906-1908) - XII. Choral No 12. 12 Petits chorales: No. 12, Grave. Christiane Oelze, soprano -- Eric Schneider, piano.
Schaffer, John. New Sounds: Hand-picked music, genre free. 24/7 radio from New York City. https://www.newsounds.org/
Suraci, Justin P., Michael Clinchy, Liana Y. Zanette, and Christopher C. Wilmers. 2019. “Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape-scale impacts from mountain lions to mice”. Ecology Letters. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13344
Thompson, E. P. 1964. Making of the English Working Class. New York : Pantheon Books.
https://archive.org/details/makingofenglishw0000thom_p8d1
Ward, Lester F. 1889. The Geographical Distribution of Fossil Plants. Washington: Goverment Printing Office.
Ward, Lester F. 1906. Applied Sociology: A Treatise on the Conscious Improvement of Society by Society. Boston: Gin & Company.
Webern, Anton. 4 Lieder nach Gedichten von S. George (1908-9). Christiane Oelze and Eric Schneider. Pierre Boulez conducts. 1. “Erwachen aus dem tiefsten traumes-schooße”; 2. Kunfttag I; 3. Trauer I; 4. Das lockere saatgefilde lechzet krank.
Webern, Anton. 1927-28. Symphony Op. 21. Berliner Philharmoniker with Pierre Boulez, conducting.
Williams, Raymond. 1961. The Long Revolution. Broadview Press.
Wolf Conservation Center.
https://twitter.com/nywolforg/status/1255458054952214528
*Zola, Emile. 1890. La Bete Humaine (The Beast Within). Paris: Bibliothèque-Charpentier.
https://archive.org/details/TheMonomaniaclaBeteHumaine/page/n15/mode/2upSee also:
Andreyev, Samuel. The Unanswered Question: Analysis.
https://youtu.be/IEAa_MH0iCw?t=1
Andreyev, Samuel. Anton von Webern, explained in 10 minutes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zt2SJrcIJh4
Andreyev, Samuel. Anton von Webern's Drei Lieder, Op. 18: Analysis.
https://youtu.be/IEAa_MH0iCw?t=1
Anton Webern's Zwei Lieder, Op. 19: Analysis.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK1iqTTrphM
